Radial Electric Field Evaluation and Effects in the Core and Pedestal

We highlight the necessity for evaluating and evolving the global axisymmetric radial electric field in a tokamak consistent with conservation of toroidal angular momentum for both € δf and full f gyrokinetic codes, where f is the full distribution function and € δf its departure from Maxwellian. We also consider the effects of a strong radial electric field in a subsonic pedestal in the banana regime, finding that it acts to reverse the poloidal flow, increase the bootstrap current, and enhance the residual zonal flow regulation of turbulence. We then generalize the concept of intrinsic ambipolarity to an H mode pedestal.